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The production and writing of the WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 6: TB and comorbidities were coordinated by Annabel Baddeley, Anna Carlqvist and Kerri Viney, under the guidance of Farai Mavhunga and overall direction of Tereza Kasaeva, Director of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Programme.
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of ill health and is a leading cause of death due to an infectious agent (1). Five main health-related risk factors – diabetes mellitus (diabetes), HIV, smoking, undernutrition and disorders due to alcohol use – account collectively for just under half of all new TB episodes globally. The contribution of these risk factors to the global TB burden is reported annually in the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) global tuberculosis report (1).
Table A4.1 summarizes the specific components of the package of interventions that should be offered to people presenting with advancsed HIV disease. For detailed guidance on the package of interventions for advanced HIV disease, including for children, see Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (1) and WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 5. management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents (2).
Table A4.1. Components of the package of care for people with advanced HIV disease
This annex is based on a tool produced by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and Partners in Health. (1)
Ongoing monitoring of collaborative TB/HIV activities and evaluation of their impact is critically important for driving scale-up and for monitoring progress and identifying gaps in implementation. This requires an effective and efficient monitoring and evaluation system.
Table A1.1 summarizes the core indicators recommended for monitoring and evaluating collaborative TB/HIV activities. The indicators are categorized as core indicators for global and national monitoring and reporting, and core indicators for national-level monitoring and reporting only.
4.3.1 Combination HIV prevention for people with diagnosed or presumed TB
National TB programmes should implement comprehensive HIV prevention strategies for their clients and their partners, or they should establish community and referral linkages as necessary. HIV preventive interventions by TB programmes or effective referral of people with TB to HIV programmes has been successfully implemented in many countries (162-164).
