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Routine co-trimoxazole prophylaxis should be given to all HIV-infected patients with active TB
disease regardless of CD4 cell count.

For infants and children infected with HIV younger than 3 years, ABC + 3TC + AZT is
recommended as an option for children who develop TB while on an ART regimen containing
NVP or LPV/r. Once TB therapy has been completed, this regimen should be stopped and the
initial regimen should be restarted.

ART should be started in any child with active TB disease as soon as possible and within 8
weeks following the initiation of antituberculosis treatment regardless of the CD4 cell count
and clinical stage.

In settings with a high burden of HIV and TB, TB treatment may be provided for people
living with HIV in HIV care settings where a TB diagnosis has also been made.

In settings with a high burden of HIV and TB, ART should be initiated for people living with HIV
in TB treatment settings, with linkage to ongoing HIV care and ART.

Antiretroviral therapy is recommended for all patients with HIV and drug-resistant TB requiring
second-line antituberculosis drugs irrespective of CD4 cell count, as early as possible (within
the first 8 weeks) following initiation of antituberculosis treatment.

• Ventilation (i.e. natural and/or mechanical).
• Upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation.

• Protective equipment (particulate respirator masks that meet or exceed N95 standards
set by the CDC/NIOSH or the FFP2 standards that are CE certified) should be provided
for health workers caring for patients with infectious TB (suspected or confirmed).

• A triage system should be in place to identify people suspected of having TB and minimize
diagnostic delays with rapid diagnostics e.g. Xpert MTB/RIF.
• Separate people with suspected or confirmed TB
• Ensure cough etiquette and respiratory hygiene
• Minimize the time spent in health-care facilities (e.g. through community-based approaches).

TB treatment should be initiated first, followed by ART as soon as possible within the first 8
weeks of treatment.