Consolidated Guidelines

Web Annex A. Methods and expert panels 

Web Annex B. GRADE summary of findings tables 

Web Annex C. GRADE evidence to decision tables 

Web Annex D. Systematic review results and unpublished data presented at the guideline development group meeting on tuberculosis and undernutrition, 2024

1. Global tuberculosis report 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 (https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/379339). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
2. Li A, Yuan SY, Li QG, Li JX, Yin XY, Liu NN. Prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med. 2023;10:1173619 (https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1173619).
3. Franco JV, Bongaerts B, Metzendorf MI, Risso A, Guo Y, Pena Silva L et al.

Similar to the approach recommended for TB treatment regimens, future research should be adequately powered and should report on a harmonized set of outcomes, aligned with WHO-defined TB treatment outcomes and measures of nutritional recovery, to maximize the possibility for future meta-analyses (151). Examples of outcomes to measure include death during TB treatment, TB cure, TB treatment completion, TB treatment success, loss to follow-up from TB treatment, relapse, time to sputum conversion and nutritional outcomes (e.g.

Evidence on the nutritional status of people with TB is important for understanding the nature of the TB epidemic at subnational and national levels. It can also be used to advocate for further support from other stakeholders within government and within nongovernmental sectors, in terms of both food assistance, and social protection and support.

a Undernutrition is a recognized risk factor for TB, and malnourishment is listed as one of the key risk factors to consider for TB screening. 
b Structural risk factors for TB also include food insecurity.

a Examples of nutritional interventions are direct food provision, specially formulated foods and financial support. 

2.1.1 Justification and evidence