In MDR/RR-TB patients on longer regimens, a total treatment duration of 18–20 months is
suggested for most patients; the duration may be modified according to the patient’s response
to therapy.

Clavulanic acid should not be included in the treatment of MDR/RR-TB patients on longer
regimens.

P-aminosalicylic acid may be included in the treatment of MDR/RR-TB patients on longer
regimens only if bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine or delamanid are not used or if better options
to compose a regimen are not possible.

Ethionamide or prothionamide may be included in the treatment of MDR/RR-TB patients on
longer regimens only if bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine or delamanid are not used or if better
options to compose a regimen are not possible.

Imipenem–cilastatin or meropenem may be included in the treatment of MDR/RR-TB patients
on longer regimens.

Pyrazinamide may be included in the treatment of MDR/RR-TB patients on longer regimens.

Delamanid may be included in the treatment of MDR/RR-TB patients aged 3 years or more on
longer regimens.

Ethambutol may be included in the treatment of MDR/RR-TB patients on longer regimens.

In patients with confirmed rifampicin-susceptible, isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis, treatment with rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and levofloxacin is recommended for a duration of 6 months.

The panel recommends that evidence-based guidelines should be developed and
implemented for the purpose of reducing HAIs and AMR. The education and training of relevant
healthcare workers on the guideline recommendations and the monitoring of adherence with
guideline recommendations should be undertaken to achieve successful implementation.