Triage of people with TB signs and
symptoms, or with TB disease, is
recommended to reduce M. tuberculosis
transmission to health workers, persons
attending health care facilities or other
persons in settings with a high risk
of transmission.

Xpert MTB/RIF may be used as a replacement test for usual practice (including conventional
microscopy, culture or histopathology) for testing specific non-respiratory specimens (lymph
nodes and other tissues) from patients suspected of having extrapulmonary TB.

Xpert MTB/RIF should be used in preference to conventional microscopy and culture as the
initial diagnostic test for cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients suspected of having TB
meningitis.

Routine co-trimoxazole prophylaxis should be given to all HIV-infected patients with active TB
disease regardless of CD4 cell count.

For infants and children infected with HIV younger than 3 years, ABC + 3TC + AZT is
recommended as an option for children who develop TB while on an ART regimen containing
NVP or LPV/r. Once TB therapy has been completed, this regimen should be stopped and the
initial regimen should be restarted.

ART should be started in any child with active TB disease as soon as possible and within 8
weeks following the initiation of antituberculosis treatment regardless of the CD4 cell count
and clinical stage.

In settings with a high burden of HIV and TB, TB treatment may be provided for people
living with HIV in HIV care settings where a TB diagnosis has also been made.

In settings with a high burden of HIV and TB, ART should be initiated for people living with HIV
in TB treatment settings, with linkage to ongoing HIV care and ART.

Antiretroviral therapy is recommended for all patients with HIV and drug-resistant TB requiring
second-line antituberculosis drugs irrespective of CD4 cell count, as early as possible (within
the first 8 weeks) following initiation of antituberculosis treatment.

• Ventilation (i.e. natural and/or mechanical).
• Upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation.