Systematic LTBI testing and treatment may be considered for prisoners, health workers,
immigrants from countries with a high TB burden, homeless people and people who use drugs.

People who are initiating anti-TNF treatment, or receiving dialysis, or preparing for an organ
or haematological transplant, or who have silicosis should be systematically tested and treated
for LTBI.

In selected high-risk household contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis,
preventive treatment may be considered based on individualized risk assessment and a sound
clinical justification.

Children aged ≥ 5 years, adolescents and adults who are household contacts of people
with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB who are found not to have active TB by an
appropriate clinical evaluation or according to national guidelines may be given TB preventive
treatment.

Children aged < 5 years who are household contacts of people with bacteriologically
confirmed pulmonary TB and who are found not to have active TB on an appropriate clinical
evaluation or according to national guidelines should be given TB preventive treatment even
if LTBI testing is unavailable.