تعليقAdolescent: a person aged 10–19 years (1) Adult: a person over 20 years of age (1)
Bacteriologically confirmed TB: a person from whom a biological specimen is positive by a WHOrecommended rapid diagnostic test, culture or smear microscopy (2)
Child: a person under 10 years of age (1)
Computer-aided detection (CAD): use of specialized software to interpret abnormalities on chest radiographs that are suggestive of TB. The results are expressed as abnormality scores. CAD may be used for screening or triage (3).
Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB): Caused by a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that is resistant to any TB medicines tested (2)
Drug susceptibility testing: In-vitro testing of a strain of M. tuberculosis complex with either molecular, genotypic techniques to detect resistance-conferring mutations or phenotypic methods to determine susceptibility to a medicine (2)
Household contact: a person who shared the same enclosed living space as the index case for one or more nights or for frequent or extended daytime periods during the 3 months before the start of current treatment (4)
Integrated services: Health services that are managed and delivered so that people receive a continuum of health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, disease management, rehabilitation and palliative care services, coordinated across the different levels and sites of care within and beyond the health sector, and according to their needs throughout the life course (5)
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB): TB caused by a strain of M. tuberculosis complex that is resistant to both rifampicin and isoniazid (2)
People-centred services: an approach to care that consciously adopts individuals’, carers’, families’ and communities’ perspectives as participants in, and beneficiaries of, trusted health systems that are organized around the comprehensive needs of people rather than individual diseases, and respects social preferences (5)
Presumptive TB: refers to an individual who presents with symptoms or signs suggestive of TB disease (previously known as a TB suspect) (2)
Primary care: a key process in the health system that supports first-contact, accessible, continued, comprehensive and coordinated patient-focused care at the first point of contact (6)
Primary health care: a whole-of-society approach to health that aims to maximize the level and distribution of health and well-being through three components: (i) primary care and essential public health functions as the core of integrated health services; (ii) multisectoral policy and action; and (iii) empowered people and communities (6)
Screening: for the purposes of this guidance, screening is the process of identifying those individuals who are at sufficiently high risk of a specific disorder (e.g. TB or diabetes) to warrant further investigation or direct action (7).
Systematic screening for TB disease is the systematic identification of people at risk for TB disease in a predetermined target group (e.g. people living with diabetes) by assessing symptoms and using tests, examinations or other procedures that can be applied rapidly. For those who screen positive, the diagnosis needs to be established by one or several diagnostic tests and additional clinical assessments. This term has sometimes been used interchangeably with “active tuberculosis casefinding”. It should be distinguished from testing for TB infection (with a TB skin test or interferon gamma release assay) (3)
Tuberculosis disease: the disease caused by the M. tuberculosis complex, sometimes referred to as TB or “active TB”.
Tuberculosis (TB) infection: a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by M. tuberculosis antigens with no evidence of the clinically manifestations of TB disease. This is also at times referred to as “latent TB infection”. There is no gold standard test for direct identification of M. tuberculosis infection in humans. Most infected people have no signs or symptoms of TB but are at risk for progression to active TB disease (2).
Tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT): treatment offered to individuals who are considered to be harbouring TB infection and to be at risk of developing TB disease in order to reduce that risk. Also referred to as treatment of latent TB infection or TB infection or TB preventive therapy (8)
Universal health coverage: means that all people have access, without discrimination, to nationally determined sets of the needed promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative essential health services and essential, safe, affordable, effective and quality medicines and vaccines, diagnostics and health technologies, including assistive technologies, while ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the users to financial hardship, with an special emphasis on the poor, vulnerable and marginalized segments of the population (9)
