Обратная связьDiabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose. Hyperglycaemia, also referred to as raised blood glucose or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and, over time, leads to serious damage to many of the body’s systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels. More than 95% of people living with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, which is often preventable. Factors that contribute to developing type 2 diabetes include being overweight, not getting enough exercise and genetics. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be mild, and the disease may therefore be diagnosed several years after onset, after complications have already arisen. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin. Type 1 diabetes is more likely to present with symptoms. Neither its cause, nor the means to prevent it are known. Other types of diabetes also exist, including a specific form of diabetes in pregnancy called gestational diabetes (143).
Diabetes is a common condition in adults globally and is often under-diagnosed. It is also a common condition among people with TB and, in many settings, is more common among people with TB than in the general population. One systematic literature review reported a prevalence of diabetes of 15.3% (95% prediction interval, 2.5 ; 36.1) among people with TB, with substantial variation among countries (10). Given the risk of poor TB treatment outcomes and relapse among people living with diabetes, it is important to diagnose diabetes among people with TB, and, if it is diagnosed, to ensure appropriate management and people-centred care. In the era of expanded access to diabetes testing and management, there are opportunities for TB programmes and NCD programmes to collaborate to reduce the burden of ill health.
